The History of England (part-1)
England is a nation that has had a significant impact and, in fact, has played an important role in the formation of human beings.
Civilization for hundreds of years, and today, in this blog, we are going to take a look at that history and explore what England is,
Who are the inhabitants of it and how it became the nation that changes the world that it is today. So to start you need to know exactly.
You've probably heard of England before, and that's great.
But a lot of people don't know the difference between England and Great Britain, or England and the United Kingdom, and things like that.
So, very quick here: here is the island we call "Great Britain". The term "cool" is not about ego,
It's about geography. Here is England. It is important to understand Scotland (here) and Wales.
(here) they are also British. This is all Great Britain.
So while all English are British, not all British are English. The confusion typically stems from the fact that today these three countries are all
United in one country: the United Kingdom, which also includes Northern Ireland and used to include the rest of Ireland for reasons that
Come in today.
But because England is the seat of the union, the seat of the kingdom, the term "British" is often wrongly applied only to England.
So with that out of the way, let's focus on that part of the island that we call England, and backtrack a bit.
Two thousand years. At this time, England was inhabited by various Celtic tribes.
Not "Sel-tik", "Kel-tic".
Compared to the Mediterranean nations of Europe at the time, like the Romans, the people here were primitive though
Not as primitive as you imagine. The Celtic tribal societies of early England were quite complex agricultural societies.
They were in contact with the European continent, and the positive side of this trade made its way to and from Pre-Roman.
England, but on the dark side, they were sometimes invaded by tribes from the European continent. Although
They all spoke a similar language and followed a similar religion, which was a predecessor to modern Celtic languages like Welsh for example,
They were not socially united as a people. Consequently, of course, they waged war among themselves.
During those wars they would build defensive structures like the one shown here,
Called "Castle of the Maiden", which dates back long before the Romans came to the island. The religion practiced here was similar to much of
Northwestern Europe at that time, in fact, the Romans noted that the religion they practice in England was very similar to what
They practiced in Gaul, also known as modern France. It was a pagan religion.
But, what is very interesting to most people is the
The druidism that was practiced here, and also in the rest of Great Britain and Ireland, as
Druids were (sort of) unique to the British Isles. The Druids were a very interesting group of people.
They were religious authorities, of course, but they weren't just priests. They were also politically involved, they were doctors, they were judges,
They were historians, they were advisers, things like that.
They were largely an elite group in Iron Age England, and their opinion had a considerable impact on early societies here.
Much of what we know about the societies of this time comes from the
Romans and their island records, and we see evidence of the impacts the Druids had on their society when the Romans did.
Come to the island they call "Britannia". Now,
It is fair to have conflicting views on the religion that was practiced here and in the rest of the British Isles simply called "Celtic Paganism".
There was some human sacrifice involved that is quite abhorrent to most of us today. The Romans back then didn't like it either.
They were
Horrified by it, they discussed how horrible it was for the Celts to do such a thing during their gladiatorial fights.
In fact, we have found some evidence of this human sacrifice in the UK and Ireland.
This is an image of a decently preserved corpse of an individual who was part of these practices in these times.
This individual, however, is the Tollund Man from Denmark. However, on the positive side, as I have explained before, the pagan Celtic beliefs were maintained
Influence us today. The most notable example is perhaps
Halloween - the Celtic night of Samhain, which was Christianized and modernized to the holiday we know today.
There was no writing in society, in fact the Druids, when faced with writing, were fine without it.
They claimed that writing things was bad for memory,
So much of what we know about England at the moment comes from
Archaeological finds, or, as I said, the accounts of the Romans.
And it's when the Romans invade Britain that we really come to understand the world here at that time. In
55 BC, Julius Caesar invaded Britain and again in 54 BC, but he was unsuccessful both times, essentially winning
No territory. Part of justification
That he had to invade the island was that the people of this region had helped the Gauls against Rome due to its economy
Relationship with them.
They were both Celts, they related to each other, they traded and things like that.
Remember, too, that I said that British tribes were not isolated from the rest of Europe,
As one might think they were. But the true age of Roman Britain comes about 90 years later, in A.D. 43.
When forty thousand Roman soldiers sailed from the province of Gaul to invade the Island. Now there were a number of obvious
Benefits to be gained by invading and capitulating Britannia: trade and resources and
Expansion of the Empire and all that, but a big motivation here was that the emperor at the time wanted to improve his image.
Emperor Claudius went on to become emperor and was quite insecure for good reason.
He was seen as a bit weak and even
Moronic by his peers and by the population. He thought that if he could go to Britain and conquer it, and
Effectively, do what Julius Caesar did not do, he would bolster
His image quite significantly. And so, he ordered the operation and put his brother-in-law in command of it. The Roman soldiers were
Admittedly frightened about his prospects before they left records tell us that the morale was kind of low britain at this time was the edge
Of the unknown so they were obviously very scared they were concerned that the island harbored for
His savages and demons and such things morale though did change in the roman set sail for britain landing in Modern-day kent
Unfortunately for the native britons though when the romans landed they made a mistake
The Britons actually caught wind of the fear among the romans and assume that there would be a mutiny before the Romans could land
So one of the most powerful tribes on the island the kind of aloni did not make a proper move to defend the shore
They simply assumed the invasion will dissolve before it arrived
But it did not and the romans landed and established a fort and even a triumphal arch of educating such things and then they pressed
Into the rest of the Island now there was obviously a good deal of
Conflict as the romans pressed into the rest of Britannia there were at times a number of Revolts amongst occupied tribes
But a significant amount of tribes about Eleven in fact actually surrendered to the romans during this time before conflict even emerged
Why well the Roman military machine as
Historians often refer to it was simply too powerful the Romans were susceptible to Guerrilla warfare of course but out on the open field tribes
Like those in Britain at the time did not have much of a chance to bolster
This image of being a powerful and unstoppable
Invasion Force when Claudius actually comes to visit britain he enters on an elephant a beast which the people of this region had obviously never
Seen before they were astonished Roman occupation sets in and Britannia Modern-day
England again becomes a province a defining moment in early history not everyone is so satisfied with being occupied however
Boudicca a woman of the ice sonny tribe in particular was not satisfied
Boadicea was the wife of a very important tribal figure who maintained an alliance with the Romans however after her husband's death?
The Romans turn on them
She was beaten and her two daughters were raped and ended in that she did not easily forget
Around 60 ad
Boudicca Gathered Forces from multiple British tribes
Primarily the isis unny in turn Avanti's as well some others and led a revolt against the Romans the revolt was not a minor incident
Her forces would cause extreme chaos in the province as she killed thousands of inhabitants and burned down three Seas
Including londonium if that name sounds familiar to you the situation was becoming so extreme that the emperor at the time Nero considered
What's drawing from Britain entirely?
However, Boudicca was eventually defeated
She was never captured by the Romans rather
It was likely that she committed suicide to Avoid
Capitulation following this incident Britannia was firmly Roman the Romans would hold on to this province until 410 ad
Now talking about history so far back that might not seem like such a long time, but keep in mind that was
350 years you had it states today for comparison is only 241 years old, so it was a decent span of time
So after that fairly turbulent time period Conflict with the pics to the north and other rebellions and disorder such things rome starts to become
Weakened in its homeland. It simply can't afford to spare troops or supplies to defend this and provinces like Britannia
So when rome starts become weakened and the province starts to face threats from the picts and the dramatic tribe is threatening Britain the emperor
Honorius basically tells them that they're on their own which was shocking to the british people and the Roman empire just
Altogether fell 66 years later though the Romans had technically left britain
It's important to consider what the Romans had left behind at this point roads infrastructure cities like London, Manchester, New York and of course
Christianity which will play a major role in English history and
Following the fall of the Roman Empire we begin to see a rise from the struggle the beginnings of what will be
Eventually called England but not quite yet
Following 410 it's not like as soon as the Roman military left
The British Society is suddenly reverted back to its pre Roman state was of course still roman britain the aristocracy still held its power
Structure was still Roman the britons were still Christians latin were still spoken, etc, Etc
What had happened was that the britons were just suddenly given self-rule mostly against their wishes
But it was what they were stuck with they pleaded multiple times for the romans to come back following 410 but knows with no such
Thing happening they set up their own military and defense
Modeled of course off rome's so even though the roman empire is a gun these people are still identifying as romans romans
To sidle structure as I said is still in place, and I will continue even after the roman empire has fallen
Despite their efforts to defend themselves
They're not very successful picks from Scotland Irish from Ireland and other Raiders tear apart the country
So the people of former Roman britain come up with a very Roman solution to the issue Hire Mercenaries
To deal with it, and that's what they do
They hire a group of very effective
Mercenaries Ax had already been fighting on the side of the romans as mercenaries from Northern Germany known as the
Anglo-Saxons three ships of these people are sent over to deal with the picts and deal with them
They do indeed the Tick's are deep
They're badly defeated and driven back into Modern-day scotland as tribute for the service the britons give the saxon some land in Modern-day
Kent which leads to many more sections coming over to settle in the land thousands of them in fact
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