The History of England (part-4)
If you haven't seen a previous episode, Watch the previous episode first, Otherwise you won't understand this episode.
After the 3rd episode
This one still became king. It is during John's reign that the Robin Hood story is set.
You know the government is so bad that his seat is really praised
John made quite a few mistakes during his reign, fought multiple lost wars, and actually lost
Normandy to France and the Empire of all Japan really began to collapse with John
Consequently, John replaced heavy taxes on the lower classes to pay for these wars and would take noble lands in the church for
Increase his power, he would even go so far as to rape the daughters of his noble subjects and personally murder a
Contending for the throne while he had him imprisoned, the nobles decided that they couldn't just sit back and let this happen in the church.
He was also quite unhappy
Then finally a band of these church-supported nobles mustered an army and rebelled against a king and marched on London.
And the Archbishop of Canterbury
Write a treaty or a new regulation that would resolve the dispute the Magna Carta in English the great letter that it contains
63 new laws that the king was bound to follow regarding the church and the barons' treatment of him not with so much
Focus on ordinary people for now, but it was a start towards
Limiting the power of the government, King John signed it on June 15.
1215 now John was essentially forced to sign it, he had no intention of fulfilling it.
And he really he didn't, the Pope overruled it and in fact civil war would eventually break out between John and the barons and John
Continue to deny the legitimacy of it until his death in
1217 Although the Principles established by Magna Carta had a difficult beginning, it is still a
Document as being the first time in English history that certain ideals were proposed, raises the idea of the rule of law that the
The decision of a nation must be made with a great focus on the benefit of the nation, not so much of the ruling elite who propose that
The King may be above the laws of men
But not the laws of God, the king cannot be murderer in
Tyrannical without being reprimanded, he created a system where many of the King's decisions have to be
A system that would lead to the modern parliament was verified with the nobles of England, obviously many of these principles are
In central England to this day, John, some Henry III, would also fight for the legitimacy of Magna Carta and actually call
Together, the first equivalent of a parliament, Enrique would be succeeded by his son Eduardo the first
Longshanks or very late because he was a considerably tall and intimidating individual in
1272 this is the king from the famous movie Braveheart
And I won't go into incredibly detail about that in this video because I already made a video about the true history of it.
But Edward did indeed invade Scotland during his reign, which earned him the nickname The Hammer of Scots, but he did more than that.
He also as a prince he participated in the ninth crusade and would fight a fight in the conflicts.
Surrounding Magna Carter and others at his coronation at Westminster Abbey
Which was built by his father Edward was crowned and stated that the crown was only adorned once more when all lands were lost.
By his father they were his he intended to dominate the British isles as king put down rebellions in wales reformed English law and
Did he reaffirm the power of the monarchy and at the same time establish the permanent parliament?
Parliament gave him a route for taxpayers to provide funds for his various wars in the British Isles
But the problems regarding the power of the monarchy was what great consideration would he continue with this even after his rule?
He ordered the expulsion of the Jews from the country a ban that lasted until the seventeenth century.
Edward would have a very costly war in Scotland leaving figures like Willy Most
But several other Scottish nobles and leaders as well, although prior to this period Scotland
England lived in relative peace during the American war, although Edward got the bun stone.
The stone on which all Scottish kings had been crowned so far and brought to England, who owns it to the state, though
Now he remains in Scotland, although he held his kingdom with a strong hand, his weakest son, Edward.
II lacked his strength, that of his son Edward, who is only one of the 15 children he had, finally he would lose the lands that his
Father had beaten Robert the Bruce in Scotland and would be a generally weak leader
He was a very obvious
Homosexual who infuriated the barons of this day and probably contributed to the great of it?
Difficulties with his wife who would betray him to Roger Mortimer of Wales. He neglected it came with homework
He had the unfortunate coincidence of being king during bad weather
That is, a two-year famine that killed 10% of the English population, and he was eventually deposed in
1327 Mortimer and his wife Isabella world until Edward the second son Edward killed Mortimer and imprisoned his mother becoming Edward the third
Edward's early third reign consisted of the war with Scotland in which he had a decent amount of success
But he finally agreed to a truce with a Scotsman
Part of the reason for the war Edward III found himself in with his Scotsman was an imminent threat.
That England was in the midst of an alliance between
Scotland and France Perhaps the two greatest enemies of middle medieval England in fear of a total invasion of England from France and with France
Interfering with English trade and with the rest of the continent Edward knew that he would have to take action against France.
And he would have to do it soon to counter Franco's Scottish alliance known as the alternative alliance that Edward would ally with other Europeans.
Nations in particular with Portugal the alliance with Portugal and, in fact, it would be endearing as one of the longest
However, that is not all, as the king of France Philip VI took the duchy of Aquitaine
Edward would not only resist this invasion into his former territory
He would be so bold as to claim the throne of France for himself.
Edward was related to the French incision
The monarchy Felipe VI was his uncle
But he didn't have much right to claim the French throne.
Edward was technically the closest living relative that Charles offered to the last king to pay
But Charles's instructions were for the nobility to choose the next king of France.
Filly nachos to Vi ushering in the house of Valois and perhaps remarkably
Edwards' actions were very obviously one more response to the political situation of the day.
But Edward, in spite of everything, would press his rights as
King and indeed would invade France even changing the royal standard of him to include
Lions of England and the fleur de lis of France, as shown here, the war for the French throne would not be insignificant.
A fact that would last more than a hundred years and so
Historians have
Creatively named the Hundred Years War two important points regarding the name Hundred Years War, although the first is that it was not a
One hundred years exactly one hundred and sixteen the second was not just a long endless war
It was more like four wars with a series of secondary wars, as I suppose you could say involved in this 116-year dispute.
The four main wars were the Edwardian war
1337 213 60 Carolina War 1369 and Lancaster War 1389
1415 to 1420 and the Second Lancaster were 1420 to 1453 in
1348 Word and his son Edward, who would be known as a black prince, invade France not only to defend the English Gazette '
Possessions England had in France
But of course, to claim the crown of France with occupied England and France, Scotland moved in and retaken much of the former territory from her.
But her success in the war against England during this war would not last forever.
The English and the French met at the bow of Crecy on August 26.
1346 the battle of Crecy was a disaster for the French forces, the English would lose perhaps around 200 men that the French would lose
6,000 obviously with this defeat the French king was outraged, but how did this catastrophic defeat happen?
Edward was waging war differently for much of the European war that led to this battle for hundreds of years, a horseman was a
Master of the battlefield against archers and infantrymen that were difficult to defeat
Edward braced himself for this, although he had his men dig holes in the ground that would cause a horse trip, he would put stakes.
To deter an enemy rider from killing and crucially he employed the English longbow, the English longbow, which was probably a person in Wales.
Had a greater range of force in speed in crossbows than the French and their Genoese
The mercenaries they were using were indeed a deciding factor in this battle that led to a brutal French defeat even though they outnumbered the English forces.
Edward wasn't waging a stereotypical war either.
Instead of having a series of battles as had happened in the case and the war leading to this point again
He preferred to simply skirmish against the French relentlessly
Not long after this battle, the Black Death devastated much of Europe, including England, France, the cinna, the Pestis bacteria.
Traveling across Europe from Central Asia via a pest ride would kill a victim in a matter of days.
Started in 1348 and lasted until
1349, but it claimed the lives of six million Englishmen, half of the population at that time also France
Lost perhaps half its population, it would return in the 1360s again killing millions
Regardless of the circumstances of the war, Philippe would continue. Six died in 1350 and was succeeded by his son John II in September
1913 56 the English and French would meet at the battle of Poitier's where again the French would suffer a devastating defeat
Not only would they lose thousands to again minimal English losses, but their king was captured and then Ransom in
1360 the English and French signed the treaty of Bretton II which greatly favored the English allowing them to keep all the lands that
He had won and on the French side well at least at the end of the conflict this piece would only last nine years
Although and the Hundred Years War would start once again and even during this peace
The conflict in Britain that involved both England and France would be occurring.
Developments in the way this war was being fought that were very innovative and revolutionary for the time.
But longbows weren't the only innovation that artillery played a major role in this war and gunpowder was making its debut.
Although awkwardly Beyond that, although societies were changing even though this was a war considering the power of monarchs and nobility
Nationalist tendencies were evolving in France in England.
He felt a sense of duty not only towards her king but also towards her nation, this attitude was certainly
Influenced by the introduction of standing armies before this, the armies will be recruited by the king and the noble temporarily for wars.
But due to the longevity of this conflict, the English and French found it necessary to have a greater
And the disciplined fighting force and the monarchs of these nations review things like their tax methods to support
The History of England (part-3)
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